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Ubuntu常用软件与配置

2017-11-07
Alvin Zhu

本文总结下Ubuntu上常用的软件与必要的配置。

常用软件

必要的配置

更新源

apt源用阿里云的(/etc/apt/sources.list):

# deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

# deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse

python源用pmm来配置,清华或者豆瓣的,阿里云有问题:

pip install pmm
pmm

APT里面的常用工具

  • Wine:运行Windows软件,exe文件会显示出图标和版本号,也有商业版的crossover。
  • Vim:编辑器,非图形界面下用。
  • VLC:视频播放器
  • synaptic:图形界面的软件包管理器
  • openjdk:Java JDK
  • meld:图形界面的diff工具
  • htop:增强版top
  • gparted:分区工具
  • gimp:图像处理软件
  • gedbi:deb包图形安装界面
  • cmake-gui:cmake的GUI
  • proxychains:命令行代理
  • Zeal:开源版本的Dash,各自离线API文档查询
sudo apt install proxychains cmake-qt-gui gedbi gimp gparted htop meld default-jdk synaptic vim vlc wine zeal

输入法

首先打开”System Settings“,打开”Language Support“,让它自动安装下缺失的语言包组件。然后:

sudo apt install fcitx fcitx-sunpinyin fcitx-module-cloudpinyin
sudo apt-get purge fcitx-moudle-kimpanel

并设置输入法为fcitx,sunpinyin。

主题

numix主题和paper的图标,使用unity tweak tool来设置主题:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/pulp
sudo apt update
sudo apt install numix-gtk-theme paper-icon-theme unity-tweak-tool

grub

修改/etc/default/grub文件,设置为倒数3秒、关闭其它系统的检测、以及去除一些pci的报错。

GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=3
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=countdown

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet pci=noaer"

top panel插件

分别用于监控CPU内存网络磁盘使用、频率、温度等。

sudo apt install indicator-mutiload indicator-cpufreq psensor

lightdm

关闭guest登陆:

sudo sh -c 'printf "[Seat:*]\nallow-guest=false\n" >/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-no-guest.conf'

字体

Noto字体

修改/etc/fonts/conf.avail/64-language-selector-prefer.conf,把SC放在前面:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
	<alias>
		<family>sans-serif</family>
		<prefer>
			<family>Noto Sans CJK SC</family>
			<family>Noto Sans CJK TC</family>
			<family>Noto Sans CJK JP</family>
		</prefer>
	</alias>
	<alias>
		<family>serif</family>
		<prefer>
			<family>Noto Serif CJK SC</family>
			<family>Noto Serif CJK TC</family>
			<family>Noto Serif CJK JP</family>
		</prefer>
	</alias>
	<alias>
		<family>monospace</family>
		<prefer>
			<family>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</family>
			<family>Noto Sans Mono CJK TC</family>
			<family>Noto Sans Mono CJK JP</family>
		</prefer>
	</alias>
</fontconfig>

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